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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isoflavone</span></h1>
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<p><b>Isoflavone</b>, auch <b>Isoflavonoide</b> genannt, sind meist gelblich gefärbte Pflanzen<a href="Farbstoffe" title="Farbstoffe">farbstoffe</a>, die als <a href="Derivat_(Chemie)" title="Derivat (Chemie)">Derivate</a> des Isoflavons zur Klasse der <a href="Flavonoide" title="Flavonoide">Flavonoide</a> zählen. Sie sind <a href="Sekund%C3%A4re_Pflanzenstoffe" title="Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe">sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe</a>, die u.&nbsp;a. eine Funktion für <a href="Pflanzliche_Abwehr_von_Pathogenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pflanzliche Abwehr von Pathogenen">pflanzliche Abwehr von Pathogenen</a> ausüben.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktur">Struktur</h2></div>
<p>Der Grundkörper <a href="Isoflavon" title="Isoflavon">Isoflavon</a> kommt in <a href="Klee" title="Klee">Kleearten</a> vor. Einige bekanntere Isoflavone sind <a href="Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a>, als <a href="Glucosid" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucosid">Glucosid</a> Daidzin<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Sojamehl, <a href="Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a> aus <a href="Sojabohnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sojabohnen">Sojabohnen</a> und <a href="Rotklee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotklee">Rotklee</a>, Prunetin<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aus der Rinde von <a href="Pflaumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pflaumen">Pflaumenbäumen</a>, <a href="Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a> aus <a href="Kichererbse" title="Kichererbse">Kichererbsen</a>, Rotklee u.&nbsp;a. Kleearten, Orobol, Santal aus <a href="Sandelholzbaum" title="Sandelholzbaum">Sandelholz</a>, <a href="Rotholz" title="Rotholz">Rotholz</a> u.&nbsp;a. Hölzern, Pratensein<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aus frischem Rot- oder <a href="Wiesenklee" title="Wiesenklee">Wiesenklee</a><sup id="cite_ref-Römpp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Römpp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <a href="Iridin" title="Iridin">Iridin</a> in einigen <a href="Schwertlilien" title="Schwertlilien">Schwertlilien</a>.
</p>
<table class="wikitable centered" style="text-align:center">
<caption>Einige ausgewählte Isoflavone und deren Struktur<sup id="cite_ref-Römpp_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Römpp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th>Name</th>
<th>Struktur</th>
<th>R<sup>5</sup></th>
<th>R<sup>7</sup></th>
<th>R<sup>3'</sup></th>
<th>R<sup>4'</sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Isoflavon" title="Isoflavon">Isoflavon</a></td>
<td rowspan="8"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–H
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></td>
<td>–H</td>
<td><a href="Hydroxygruppe" title="Hydroxygruppe">–OH</a></td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–OH
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–OH
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Prunetin</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td><a href="Methoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Methoxy">–OCH<sub>3</sub></a></td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–OH
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a></td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–H</td>
<td>–OCH<sub>3</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Orobol<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Santal_(Isoflavon)" title="Santal (Isoflavon)">Santal</a></td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OCH<sub>3</sub></td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Pratensein</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OH</td>
<td>–OCH<sub>3</sub>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gesundheitliche_Wirkung">Gesundheitliche Wirkung</h2></div>
<p>Wie auch die <a href="Lignane" title="Lignane">Lignane</a> haben die Isoflavonoide wegen ihrer chemisch-strukturellen Ähnlichkeit zu den 17-Ketosteroiden (<a href="%C3%96strogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Östrogen">Östrogen</a>, <a href="Androgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgen">Androgene</a>) in hohen Dosen eine schwache geschlechtshormonelle Wirkung auf den Menschen. Sie werden daher auch <a href="Phyto%C3%B6strogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytoöstrogen">Phytoöstrogene</a> genannt. Allerdings haben weder Soja noch Soja-Isoflavone negative Auswirkungen auf männliche Sexualhormone.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ein höherer Konsum von Sojaprodukten ist mit einem geringeren Krebsrisiko assoziiert. Forscher führen dies hauptsächlich auf die in Soja enthaltenen Isoflavone zurück.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insbesondere bei Prostata- und Brustkrebs besteht ein möglicher schützender Effekt.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2014 zeigte eine Meta-Analyse von 35 Studien, dass Soja-Isoflavone das Brustkrebsrisiko bei den untersuchten Frauen in Asien signifikant reduzieren, während in westlichen Ländern dieser Effekt nicht auftrat.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine dieser Studien, welche an 334.850 Frauen zwischen 35 und 70 Jahren durchgeführt wurde, belegt die Sicherheit von Soja-Isoflavonen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 bestätigte eine Studie an chinesischen Frauen, dass Sojakonsum einen Schutz vor Brustkrebs darstellen kann.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 kam eine Metaanalyse zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Konsum von Soja-Isoflavonen das Brustkrebsrisiko senke.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Möglicherweise erhöht der Sojakonsum vor einer Brustkrebsdiagnose auch die späteren Überlebenschancen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2014 kam eine Studie zu dem Schluss, dass es zwar Hinweise aber noch keine Evidenz dafür gäbe, dass Sojakonsum das Risiko für <a href="Prostatakrebs" title="Prostatakrebs">Prostatakrebs</a> senkt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 kam eine Auswertung von Beobachtungsstudien zu dem Schluss, dass Sojakonsum das Risiko für Prostatakrebs verringert.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2019 betrachtete eine Übersichtsarbeit die Ergebnisse von Beobachtungsstudien und kam zu dem Schluss, dass der Konsum von Soja und Soja-Isoflavonen das allgemeine Sterberisiko verringert.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nahrungsergänzungsmittel"><span id="Nahrungserg.C3.A4nzungsmittel"></span>Nahrungsergänzungsmittel</h2></div>
<p>Aus obigen Gründen werden Isoflavone in zahllosen <a href="Nahrungserg%C3%A4nzungsmittel" title="Nahrungsergänzungsmittel">Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln</a> angeboten.
</p><p>Zugelassene Medikamente sind auf dem deutschen Arzneimittelmarkt jedoch nicht erhältlich, weil die Wirksamkeit bisher nicht bewiesen werden konnte (Stand 2023).
</p><p>In der Vergangenheit warnten Ärzte vor zu reichlichem Genuss von Sojaprodukten und Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln mit isolierten Isoflavonen, weil sie den Verdacht hatten, dass diese die Schilddrüsenhormonproduktion hemmen und <a href="Struma" title="Struma">Kröpfe</a> auslösen zu könnten.<sup id="cite_ref-pz_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pz-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aktuelle klinische Studien und verschiedenen Meta-Analysen und Reviews bestätigen jedoch tendenziell die positive Wirkung von Soja-Isoflavonen und konnte diesen Verdacht nicht bestätigen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So scheint der Einfluss von Soja auf die Schilddrüse nur bei mangelhafter Jod-Versorgung problematisch zu sein.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Klinische Studien zeigen, dass sich Soja-Isoflavone möglicherweise positiv auf die Gefäßgesundheit auswirken.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ein wissenschaftliches Gutachten der <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Beh%C3%B6rde_f%C3%BCr_Lebensmittelsicherheit" title="Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit">Europäischen Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit</a> (EFSA) aus dem Jahr 2015 besagt, es gebe keine Hinweise darauf, dass Isoflavone in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln in der üblichen Dosierung für postmenopausale Frauen schädlich sind.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das <a href="Bundesinstitut_f%C3%BCr_Risikobewertung" title="Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung">Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung</a> (BfR) schloss sich dieser Auffassung 2017 an. Die Sicherheitsstudie des EFSA belegt im Detail, dass Isoflavone bei einer Dosierung von 35 bis 150 mg täglich, aufgenommen über die Nahrung oder Supplemente, keine negativen Effekte auf Brust, Gebärmutter und Schilddrüse zeigen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Effekte sind offensichtlich unabhängig von der Quelle: Positive Effekte wurden sowohl durch Isoflavone aus Sojanahrung als auch aus mit Soja- und Rotklee-Extrakten erzielt.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen_in_Lebensmitteln">Vorkommen in Lebensmitteln</h2></div>
<p>Isoflavone finden sich vor allem in <a href="Sojabohne" title="Sojabohne">Sojabohnen</a> und aus den daraus hergestellten Produkten.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">

<tbody><tr>
<th>Lebensmittel
</th>
<th>Isoflavone <b>mg/100g (Frischgewicht)</b>
</th>
<th>Isoflavone <b>mg/100g (Trockengewicht)</b>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Sojamehl" class="mw-redirect" title="Sojamehl">Sojamehl</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>171<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 173<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Sojamehl entfettet
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>155<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Sojabohnen
</td>
<td>50<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 60–145<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50–150<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Sojanüsse (trocken geröstete Sojabohnen)
</td>
<td>149<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Natto" class="mw-redirect" title="Natto">Natto</a>
</td>
<td>82<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a>
</td>
<td>60<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 77<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Rotwein" title="Rotwein">Rotwein</a>
</td>
<td>30–50<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Bier" title="Bier">Bier</a>
</td>
<td>15–50<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a>
</td>
<td>14–33<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15–50<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Yuba" title="Yuba">Yuba</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>45<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Sojamilch" title="Sojamilch">Sojamilch</a>
</td>
<td>6,6<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4,7–9,7<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Sojaso%C3%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sojasoße">Sojasoße</a>
</td>
<td>5,2<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Lakritze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakritze">Lakritze</a>
</td>
<td>0,9<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Erbse" title="Erbse">Erbsen</a>
</td>
<td>0–7,3<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Bohne" title="Bohne">Bohnen</a>
</td>
<td>0–6,3<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Soja%C3%B6l" title="Sojaöl">Sojaöl</a>
</td>
<td>0<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Flavone" title="Flavone">Flavone</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Römpp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Römpp_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Römpp_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-09-01562"><i>Isoflavone</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Juni 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Katharine E. Reed, Juliana Camargo, Jill Hamilton-Reeves, Mindy Kurzer, Mark Messina: <cite style="font-style:italic">Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>100</span>, März 2021, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>60–67</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019">10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33383165?dopt=Abstract">PMID 33383165</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Neither+soy+nor+isoflavone+intake+affects+male+reproductive+hormones%3A+An+expanded+and+updated+meta-analysis+of+clinical+studies&amp;rft.au=Katharine+E.+Reed%2C+Juliana+Camargo%2C+Jill+Hamilton-Reeves%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Reproductive+Toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&amp;rft.date=2021-03&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.reprotox.2020.12.019&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=60-67&amp;rft.pmid=33383165&amp;rft.volume=100" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill M. Hamilton-Reeves, Gabriela Vazquez, Sue J. Duval, William R. Phipps, Mindy S. Kurzer, Mark J. Messina: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Fertility and Sterility</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>94</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, August 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>997–1007</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.038">10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.038</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19524224?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19524224</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Clinical+studies+show+no+effects+of+soy+protein+or+isoflavones+on+reproductive+hormones+in+men%3A+results+of+a+meta-analysis&amp;rft.au=Jill+M.+Hamilton-Reeves%2C+Gabriela+Vazquez%2C+Sue+J.+Duval%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2010-08&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2009.04.038&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&amp;rft.pages=997-1007&amp;rft.pmid=19524224&amp;rft.volume=94" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yahui Fan, Mingxu Wang, Zhaofang Li, Hong Jiang, Jia Shi, Xin Shi, Sijiao Liu, Jinping Zhao, Liyun Kong, Wei Zhang, Le Ma: <cite style="font-style:italic">Intake of Soy, Soy Isoflavones and Soy Protein and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Frontiers in Nutrition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>9</span>, 2022, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>847421</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.847421">10.3389/fnut.2022.847421</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35308286?dopt=Abstract">PMID 35308286</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931954/">PMC&nbsp;8931954</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Intake+of+Soy%2C+Soy+Isoflavones+and+Soy+Protein+and+Risk+of+Cancer+Incidence+and+Mortality&amp;rft.au=Yahui+Fan%2C+Mingxu+Wang%2C+Zhaofang+Li%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Frontiers+in+Nutrition&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.doi=10.3389%2Ffnut.2022.847421&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=847421&amp;rft.pmc=8931954&amp;rft.pmid=35308286&amp;rft.volume=9" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/flavonoids"><i>Flavonoids.</i></a> 28.&nbsp;April 2014,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 10.&nbsp;März 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Flavonoids&amp;rft.description=Flavonoids&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Flpi.oregonstate.edu%2Fmic%2Fdietary-factors%2Fphytochemicals%2Fflavonoids&amp;rft.date=2014-04-28&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meinan Chen, Yanhua Rao u. a.: <i>Association between Soy Isoflavone Intake and Breast Cancer Risk for Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies.</i> In: <i>PLoS ONE.</i> 9, 2014, S.&nbsp;e89288, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089288" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089288">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089288</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Zamora-Ros, P. Ferrari, C. A. González, A. Tjønneland, A. Olsen, L. Bredsdorff, K. Overvad, M. Touillaud, F. Perquier, G. Fagherazzi, A. Lukanova, K. Tikk, K. Aleksandrova, H. Boeing, A. Trichopoulou, D. Trichopoulos, V. Dilis, G. Masala, S. Sieri, A. Mattiello, R. Tumino, F. Ricceri, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, P. H. Peeters, E. Weiderpass, G. Skeie, D. Engeset, V. Menéndez, N. Travier, E. Molina-Montes, P. Amiano, M. D. Chirlaque, A. Barricarte, P. Wallström, E. Sonestedt, M. Sund, R. Landberg, K. T. Khaw, N. J. Wareham, R. C. Travis, A. Scalbert, H. A. Ward, E. Riboli, I. Romieu: <i>Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and breast cancer risk according to menopause and hormone receptor status in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study.</i> In: <i><a href="Breast_Cancer_Research_and_Treatment" title="Breast Cancer Research and Treatment">Breast Cancer Research and Treatment</a>.</i> Band 139, Nummer 1, Mai 2013, S.&nbsp;163–176, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2483-4" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2483-4">doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2483-4</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23572295?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23572295</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuxia Wei, Jun Lv, Yu Guo, Zheng Bian, Meng Gao, Huaidong Du, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Xi Zhang, Tao Wang, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Canqing Yu, Dezheng Huo, Liming Li, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy intake and breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 300,000 Chinese women and a dose-response meta-analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Epidemiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>35</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6</span>, Juni 2020, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>567–578</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00585-4">10.1007/s10654-019-00585-4</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754945?dopt=Abstract">PMID 31754945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7320952/">PMC&nbsp;7320952</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy+intake+and+breast+cancer+risk%3A+a+prospective+study+of+300%2C000+Chinese+women+and+a+dose-response+meta-analysis&amp;rft.au=Yuxia+Wei%2C+Jun+Lv%2C+Yu+Guo%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2020-06&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10654-019-00585-4&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&amp;rft.pages=567-578&amp;rft.pmc=7320952&amp;rft.pmid=31754945&amp;rft.volume=35" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ioannis Boutas, Adamantia Kontogeorgi, Constantine Dimitrakakis, Sophia N. Kalantaridou: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">In Vivo (Athens, Greece)</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>36</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2022, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>556–562</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12737">10.21873/invivo.12737</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35241506?dopt=Abstract">PMID 35241506</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931889/">PMC&nbsp;8931889</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy+Isoflavones+and+Breast+Cancer+Risk%3A+A+Meta-analysis&amp;rft.au=Ioannis+Boutas%2C+Adamantia+Kontogeorgi%2C+Constantine+Dimitrakakis%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.doi=10.21873%2Finvivo.12737&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=In+Vivo+%28Athens%2C+Greece%29&amp;rft.pages=556-562&amp;rft.pmc=8931889&amp;rft.pmid=35241506&amp;rft.volume=36" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shumin Qiu, Chongmin Jiang: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy and isoflavones consumption and breast cancer survival and recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Nutrition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>58</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>8</span>, Dezember 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3079–3090</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1853-4">10.1007/s00394-018-1853-4</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30382332?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30382332</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy+and+isoflavones+consumption+and+breast+cancer+survival+and+recurrence%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&amp;rft.au=Shumin+Qiu%2C+Chongmin+Jiang&amp;rft.date=2019-12&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs00394-018-1853-4&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.pages=3079-3090&amp;rft.pmid=30382332&amp;rft.volume=58" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Diana van Die, Kerry M. Bone, Scott G. Williams, Marie V. Pirotta: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">BJU international</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>113</span>, 5b, Mai 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>E119–130</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.12435">10.1111/bju.12435</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24053483?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24053483</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy+and+soy+isoflavones+in+prostate+cancer%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials&amp;rft.au=M.+Diana+van+Die%2C+Kerry+M.+Bone%2C+Scott+G.+Williams%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2014-05&amp;rft.doi=10.1111%2Fbju.12435&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=5b&amp;rft.jtitle=BJU+international&amp;rft.pages=E119-130&amp;rft.pmid=24053483&amp;rft.volume=113" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine C. Applegate, Joe L. Rowles, Katherine M. Ranard, Sookyoung Jeon, John W. Erdman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nutrients</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 4.&nbsp;Januar 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>40</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010040">10.3390/nu10010040</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300347?dopt=Abstract">PMID 29300347</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793268/">PMC&nbsp;5793268</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy+Consumption+and+the+Risk+of+Prostate+Cancer%3A+An+Updated+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&amp;rft.au=Catherine+C.+Applegate%2C+Joe+L.+Rowles%2C+Katherine+M.+Ranard%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2018-01-04&amp;rft.doi=10.3390%2Fnu10010040&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Nutrients&amp;rft.pages=40&amp;rft.pmc=5793268&amp;rft.pmid=29300347&amp;rft.volume=10" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seyed Mostafa Nachvak, Shima Moradi, Javad Anjom-Shoae, Jamal Rahmani, Morteza Nasiri, Vahid Maleki, Omid Sadeghi: <cite style="font-style:italic">Soy, Soy Isoflavones, and Protein Intake in Relation to Mortality from All Causes, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>119</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>9</span>, September 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1483–1500.e17</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.011">10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.011</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31278047?dopt=Abstract">PMID 31278047</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=Soy%2C+Soy+Isoflavones%2C+and+Protein+Intake+in+Relation+to+Mortality+from+All+Causes%2C+Cancers%2C+and+Cardiovascular+Diseases%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Dose-Response+Meta-Analysis+of+Prospective+Cohort+Studies&amp;rft.au=Seyed+Mostafa+Nachvak%2C+Shima+Moradi%2C+Javad+Anjom-Shoae%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2019-09&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jand.2019.04.011&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Academy+of+Nutrition+and+Dietetics&amp;rft.pages=1483-1500.e17&amp;rft.pmid=31278047&amp;rft.volume=119" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pz-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pz_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=34339"><i>Isoflavone und L-Carnitin: Mehr Risiko als Nutzen.</i></a> In: <i>Pharmazeutische Zeitung online.</i> 26/2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M-n. Chen, C-c. Lin, C-f. Liu: <i>Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review.</i> In: <i>Climacteric.</i> 18, 2015, S.&nbsp;260, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2014.966241" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.966241">doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.966241</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Lethaby, J. Marjoribanks, F. Kronenberg, H. Roberts, J. Eden, J. Brown: <i>Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms.</i> In: <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.</i> Issue 12, 2013, Art. No.: CD001395. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub4" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub4">doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub4</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Harvard Health Publishing: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/By_the_way_doctor_Do_soy_products_cause_thyroid_problems"><i>By the way, doctor: Do soy products cause thyroid problems?</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;März 2021</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=By+the+way%2C+doctor%3A+Do+soy+products+cause+thyroid+problems%3F&amp;rft.description=By+the+way%2C+doctor%3A+Do+soy+products+cause+thyroid+problems%3F&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fnewsletter_article%2FBy_the_way_doctor_Do_soy_products_cause_thyroid_problems&amp;rft.creator=Harvard+Health+Publishing">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Man, Chendi Cui, Xiao Zhang, Daisuke Sugiyama, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Akira Sekikawa: <cite style="font-style:italic">The effect of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Nutrition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>60</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, März 2021, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>603–614</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02300-6">10.1007/s00394-020-02300-6</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32529287?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32529287</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7728657/">PMC&nbsp;7728657</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Isoflavone&amp;rft.atitle=The+effect+of+soy+isoflavones+on+arterial+stiffness%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials&amp;rft.au=Brian+Man%2C+Chendi+Cui%2C+Xiao+Zhang%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2021-03&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs00394-020-02300-6&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.pages=603-614&amp;rft.pmc=7728657&amp;rft.pmid=32529287&amp;rft.volume=60" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/de/press/news/151021"><i>Isoflavone in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln für Frauen nach der Menopause: kein Hinweis auf schädliche Wirkung.</i></a> Abgerufen am 9. November 2015.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160125093557/http://medianet.at/article/isoflavone-sind-sicher-7628.html"><i>Isoflavone sind sicher.</i></a> Archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-position:center right!important;background-repeat:no-repeat!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:10px!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/MediaWiki_external_link_icon.svg")!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/Link.ernal-small-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:0.857em!important;padding-right:1em!important}


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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmedianet.at%2Farticle%2Fisoflavone-sind-sicher-7628.html">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">25.&nbsp;Januar 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 25.&nbsp;Januar 2016</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Isoflavone+sind+sicher&amp;rft.description=Isoflavone+sind+sicher&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.today%2F20160125093557%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fmedianet.at%2Farticle%2Fisoflavone-sind-sicher-7628.html&amp;rft.source=http://medianet.at/article/isoflavone-sind-sicher-7628.html">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124143028/http://www.ensa-eu.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/221014-ENSA-Statement-on-Isoflavones.pdf"><i>EFSA confirms the safety of isoflavones.</i></a> (PDF) Archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ensa-eu.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2F221014-ENSA-Statement-on-Isoflavones.pdf">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">24.&nbsp;Januar 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Januar 2016</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=EFSA+confirms+the+safety+of+isoflavones&amp;rft.description=EFSA+confirms+the+safety+of+isoflavones&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160124143028%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ensa-eu.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2F221014-ENSA-Statement-on-Isoflavones.pdf&amp;rft.source=http://www.ensa-eu.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/221014-ENSA-Statement-on-Isoflavones.pdf&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Lipovac, P. Chedraui, C. Gruenhut, A. Gocan, C. Kurz, B. Neuber, M. Imhof: <i>The effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.</i> In: <i>Gynecological endocrinology&nbsp;: the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.</i> Band 28, Nummer 3, März 2012, S.&nbsp;203–207, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.593671" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3109/09513590.2011.593671">doi:10.3109/09513590.2011.593671</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870906?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21870906</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.menoflavon.cz/lekari/13.pdf">(PDF)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. D. Faure, P. Chantre, P. Mares: <i>Effects of a standardized soy extract on hot flushes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.</i> In: <i>Menopause.</i> Band 9, Nummer 5, Sep-Okt 2002, S.&nbsp;329–334. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12218721?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12218721</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_28-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Regina Verena Piller: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/603761/document.pdf"><i>Phytoöstrogene in der Ernährung und ihr Einfluss auf das Risiko für Brustkrebs (Dissertation).</i></a> In: <i>mediatum.ub.tum.de.</i> Technische Universität München, 12.&nbsp;Juni 2006,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;August 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Phyto%C3%B6strogene+in+der+Ern%C3%A4hrung+und+ihr+Einfluss+auf+das+Risiko+f%C3%BCr+Brustkrebs+%28Dissertation%29&amp;rft.description=Phyto%C3%B6strogene+in+der+Ern%C3%A4hrung+und+ihr+Einfluss+auf+das+Risiko+f%C3%BCr+Brustkrebs+%28Dissertation%29&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fmediatum.ub.tum.de%2Fdoc%2F603761%2Fdocument.pdf&amp;rft.creator=Regina+Verena+Piller&amp;rft.publisher=Technische+Universit%C3%A4t+M%C3%BCnchen&amp;rft.date=2006-06-12">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_29-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Angela Mörixbauer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ernaehrungs-umschau.de/fileadmin/Ernaehrungs-Umschau/pdfs/pdf_2019/03_19/EU03_2019_M160-M169.pdf"><i>Soja, Sojaisoflavone und gesundheitliche Auswirkungen.</i></a> In: <i>ernaehrungs-umschau.de.</i> Ernährungs Umschau, März 2019,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;August 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Soja%2C+Sojaisoflavone+und+gesundheitliche+Auswirkungen&amp;rft.description=Soja%2C+Sojaisoflavone+und+gesundheitliche+Auswirkungen&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ernaehrungs-umschau.de%2Ffileadmin%2FErnaehrungs-Umschau%2Fpdfs%2Fpdf_2019%2F03_19%2FEU03_2019_M160-M169.pdf&amp;rft.creator=Angela+M%C3%B6rixbauer&amp;rft.publisher=Ern%C3%A4hrungs+Umschau&amp;rft.date=2019-03">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Antonie Danz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugb.de/phytooestrogene/phytooestrogene-in-lebensmittel/"><i>Phytoöstrogene - Pflanzenstoffe mit Hormonwirkung.</i></a> In: <i>ugb.de.</i> Der Verband für Unabhängige Gesundheitsberatung (UGB), 2015,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;August 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Phyto%C3%B6strogene+-+Pflanzenstoffe+mit+Hormonwirkung&amp;rft.description=Phyto%C3%B6strogene+-+Pflanzenstoffe+mit+Hormonwirkung&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugb.de%2Fphytooestrogene%2Fphytooestrogene-in-lebensmittel%2F&amp;rft.creator=Antonie+Danz&amp;rft.publisher=Der+Verband+f%C3%BCr+Unabh%C3%A4ngige+Gesundheitsberatung+%28UGB%29&amp;rft.date=2015">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laves.niedersachsen.de/startseite/lebensmittel/biologische_testsysteme/untersuchung-auf-oestrogenartige-stoffe-mit-einem-biotest-108339.html"><i>Untersuchung auf östrogenartige Stoffe mit einem Biotest.</i></a> In: <i>laves.niedersachsen.de.</i> Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 2011,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;August 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AIsoflavone&amp;rft.title=Untersuchung+auf+%C3%B6strogenartige+Stoffe+mit+einem+Biotest&amp;rft.description=Untersuchung+auf+%C3%B6strogenartige+Stoffe+mit+einem+Biotest&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laves.niedersachsen.de%2Fstartseite%2Flebensmittel%2Fbiologische_testsysteme%2Funtersuchung-auf-oestrogenartige-stoffe-mit-einem-biotest-108339.html&amp;rft.publisher=Nieders%C3%A4chsisches+Landesamt+f%C3%BCr+Verbraucherschutz+und+Lebensmittelsicherheit&amp;rft.date=2011">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_Links_zu_erwähnten_Verbindungen"><span id="Externe_Links_zu_erw.C3.A4hnten_Verbindungen"></span>Externe Links zu erwähnten Verbindungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="S">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Daidzin</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=552-66-9">552-66-9</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nr.</a>: <span class="wikidata-content">611-245-3</span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.107.506">100.107.506</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/107971">107971</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10164919.html"><span class="wikidata-content">10164919</span></a><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02115">DB02115</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814656" class="extiw external" title="d:Q3814656">Q3814656</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Prunetin</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=552-59-0">552-59-0</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nr.</a>: <span class="wikidata-content">209-018-5</span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.008.199">100.008.199</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281804">5281804</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4445116.html"><span class="wikidata-content">4445116</span></a><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7253051" class="extiw external" title="d:Q7253051">Q7253051</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Pratensein</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2284-31-3">2284-31-3</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nr.</a>: <span class="wikidata-content">875-677-6</span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.347.521">100.347.521</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281803">5281803</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4445115.html"><span class="wikidata-content">4445115</span></a><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3401397" class="extiw external" title="d:Q3401397">Q3401397</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Orobol</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=480-23-9">480-23-9</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281801">5281801</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4445113.html"><span class="wikidata-content">4445113</span></a><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7103718" class="extiw external" title="d:Q7103718">Q7103718</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
</ol>
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